PSA
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : PSA Total Prostate Specific Antigen Specimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 1mL – 3 mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 5 Days Causes for Rejection : – Hemolyzed specimen
– Lipemic specimen
– Improperly labeled specimenUse : Help men 50 years of age or older discover prostate cancer. Methodology : Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) Limitation : PSA levels may be significantly decreased in patients with prostate cancer who are treated with antiandrogens and luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonists. Very high titers of antibodies to streptavidin or ruthenium may occasionally cause interference.
B-HCG
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : – Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Quantitative)
– Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Quantitative)
– HCG B (Quantitative)
– Quantitative Hcg (Quantitative) – Total Beta hCG (Quantitative)
– Quantitative Pregnancy Test (Quantitative)
– Beta hCG (Quantitative)
– Total hCG (Quantitative)Specimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 1mL – 3 mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 3 Days
Freezer: 1 YearCauses for Rejection : – Samples deactivated by heat
– Hemolyzed specimen
– Lipemic specimen
– Improperly labeled specimenUse : Early pregnancy detection and monitoring. Methodology : Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) Limitation : Rarely, interference may arise from extraordinarily high titers of antibodies to streptavidin, ruthenium, or analyte-specific antibodies.
AFP
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : – Alpha fetoprotein
– Total AFPSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 1mL – 3 mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 7 Days
Freezer: 3 MonthsCauses for Rejection : – Hemolyzed specimen
– Lipemic specimen
– Improperly labeled specimenUse : Helps treat patients with germ cell cancers that are not seminomatous. Methodology : Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) Limitation : It is not appropriate to take samples from patients undergoing high-dose biotin therapy.
CEA
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : Carcinoembryonic antigen Specimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum or Plasma
Volume: 1-3 mL Serum or Plasma
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 7 Days
Freezer: 6 MonthsCauses for Rejection : – The wrong collection tube was utilized.
– Quantity not sufficient
– Hemolyzed specimenUse : – Utilized to keep track of colon cancer patients’ treatment
– May also serve as a marker for malignancies of the rectum, lung, breast, liver, pancreas, stomach, and ovaries in addition to medullary thyroid carcinoma.Limitation : It is not appropriate to take samples from patients undergoing high-dose biotin therapy.
CA 15-3
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : – Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3
– Cancer Antigen 15-3
– CA-BreastSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum or Plasma
Volume: 1-3 mL Serum or Plasma
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 5 Days
Freezer: 90 DaysCauses for Rejection : – Improperly labeled specimen
– Significantly lipemic specimen
– Too little in quantityStability Requirements : Room Temperature 48 Hours Use : – Assist in the patient’s management for breast cancer.
– Serial testing with this assay is helpful in monitoring treatment response in patients with metastatic breast cancer and in the early diagnosis of recurrence in patients with previously treated stage II and III breast cancer.Limitation : Patients on high-dose biotin medication shouldn’t have their samples obtained.
CA 125
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : – Carbohydrate Antigen 125
– Cancer Antigen 125
– CA 125 Tumor MarkerSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum or Plasma
Volume: 1-3 mL Serum or Plasma
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 5 Days
Freezer: 24 WeeksCauses for Rejection : – The wrong collection tube was utilized.
– Hemolyzed specimen
– Significantly lipemic specimenStability Requirements : Room Temperature: 8 Hours Use : – Helps identify patients who have had first-line therapy for ovarian cancer Limitation : Rarely, interference may arise from extraordinarily high titers of antibodies to streptavidin, ruthenium, or analyte-specific antibodies.
CA 19-9
TUMOR MARKERS Other Test Name : – Carbohydrate Antigen 125
– Cancer Antigen 125
– CA 125 Tumor MarkerSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum or Plasma
Volume: 1-3 mL Serum or Plasma
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 30 Days
Freezer: 3 monthsCauses for Rejection : – Improperly labeled specimen
– Too little in quantity
– Significantly lipemic specimenUse : – Pancreatic cancer patients can benefit from CA 19-9’s assistance with surveillance and differential diagnosis. Limitation : The determination of CA 19-9 cannot be used for the early detection of pancreatic carcinoma.
FBS
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Other Test Name : – FASTING BLOOD SUGAR
– FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSESpecial Instructions : : 6-8 hours fasting Specimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 3mL
Minimum Volume: 1mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 5 Days
Freezer: 90 DaysCauses for Rejection : – Quantity not sufficient
– Improperly labeled specimen
– Improper collection tube usedStability Requirements : Room Temperature: 8 hours Use : – FBS is a test that determines how much sugar is in a blood sample after a period of fasting. Commonly used to detect and monitor diabetes mellitus. Methodology : : Hexokinase
LIPID PROFILE
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Other Test Name : – Lipid Panel Special Instructions : : 8-10 hours fasting Test Composition : 1. Cholesterol
2. Triglycerides
3. HDL
4. LDL
5. VLDLSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 3mL
Minimum Volume: 1mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeStorage Instructions : Refrigerated: 5 Days
Freezer: 90 DaysCauses for Rejection : – Quantity not sufficient
– Improperly labeled specimen
– Improper collection tube usedStability Requirements : Room Temperature: 8 hours
Refrigerated: 7 days
Freezer: 3 monthsUse : – Used to determine an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Methodology : : – Cholesterol- Colorimetric ,Enzymatic Method
– Triglycerides – Colorimetric, Enzymatic Method
– HDL- Colorimetric
– Enzymatic Method
– LDL- Calculated
– VLDL- Calculated
– CHOL/HDL- CalculatedLimitation : – Elevated free fatty acids and denatured proteins may cause falsely elevated HDL-cholesterol results.
– Abnormal liver function affects lipid metabolism
– High levels of LDL or “bad cholesterol” can cause atherosclerosis, which is a build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels.
CHOLESTEROL
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Other Test Name : – Total Cholesterol
– Blood CholesterolSpecimen Requirements : Specimen: Serum
Volume: 3mL
Minimum Volume: 1mL
Container: Red or Gold tubeCauses for Rejection : – Quantity not sufficient
– Improper collection tube used
– Improperly labeled specimenStability Requirements : Room Temperature: 7 days
Refrigerated: 7 days
Freezer: 3 monthsUse : – To help predict an individual’s risk of developing heart disease and to help make decisions about what treatment may be needed if there is borderline or high risk. Methodology : : – Colorimetric, Enzymatic Method